Research articles (Dept of Management)http://hdl.handle.net/10311/112024-03-29T08:47:57Z2024-03-29T08:47:57ZBarriers of establishing profitable and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing firms in BotswanaMolefi, Bohutsana Margarethttp://hdl.handle.net/10311/24862023-03-31T00:00:17Z2021-01-01T00:00:00ZBarriers of establishing profitable and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing firms in Botswana
Molefi, Bohutsana Margaret
Africa is believed to bear a very heavy burden of disease accounting for 25% of the world’s disease statistics (Owoeye, 2014) . Modern curative care is believed to depend on the availability of medicines (World Health Organization (WHO), 2013). The African continent (including Botswana) is however dependent on pharmaceutical imports. Shortage of medicines has resuscitated the discussion on the feasibility of local production (UNDP, 2013). The few firms that attempt pharmaceutical manufacturing in Africa however, continue to close. Factors that contribute to the closure of these firms have been investigated in some African countries, there is, however, a call to conduct feasibility studies and establish why pharmaceutical manufacturing is failing in Botswana (Mhamba & Mbirigenda, 2010; Naude & Luiz, 2013; UNDP, 2016b).
The purpose of this study was to establish country specific reasons that contributed to the failure of pharmaceutical manufacturing firms in Botswana. An exploratory, cross sectional study was conducted amongst firms that operated between 1990 and 2015. Two (2) employees from management from each firm were purposely sampled. Respondents completed a questionnaire which was followed by a face to face interview. Employees from four (4) of the six (6) firms responded. The data was analysed using tables, graphs and bar charts using excel to establish patterns, frequencies, and averages.
Factors that presented as major challenges were poor access to markets, lack of finances, inadequate infrastructure and unskilled labour. The market was characterized by pharmaceutical registration delays, poor procurement policies and an unsupportive business environment. The use of expatriate skilled labour was still rampant and local professionals had inadequate skills to operate successful firms. Public Private Partnerships have not been successful; however, financial institutions seem to be risk averse regarding investment in the pharmaceutical industry. This research calls for a review of policies to support profitable pharmaceutical manufacturing.
A dissertation submitted to the Dept. of Management, Faculty of Business, University of Botswana in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Masters of Business Administration. Molefi, B.M. (2021) Barriers to establishing profitable and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing firms in Botswana, University of Botswana.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZA review of the literature on employee turnoverOngori, H.http://hdl.handle.net/10311/11542016-08-13T00:19:41Z2007-06-01T00:00:00ZA review of the literature on employee turnover
Ongori, H.
“Employee turnover” as a term is widely used in business circles. Although several studies have been conducted on this topic, most of the researchers focus on the causes of employee turnover but little has been done on the examining the sources of employee turnover, effects and advising various strategies which can be used by managers in various organisations to ensure that there is employee continuity in their organisations to enhance organizational competitiveness. This paper examines the sources of employee turnover, effects and forwards some strategies on how to minimize employee turnover in organisations.
2007-06-01T00:00:00ZOrganisational conflict and its effects on organisational performanceOngori, H.http://hdl.handle.net/10311/10842016-08-13T00:19:04Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZOrganisational conflict and its effects on organisational performance
Ongori, H.
The aim of this study was to find out the causes, types, effects and strategies on how to manage conflicts in organisations effectively to enhance organisational performance. Therefore, it is prime responsibility of management to put in place appropriate strategies on how to minimize conflicts. This research contributes to the body of existing literature, specifically it will inspire managers to develop appropriate strategies on how to manage conflicts in their organisations effectively. The convenience sample of one hundred and thirty managers was selected for the study from government departments, parastatals, and private companies. The tabular method was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the major cause of organisational conflict is limited resources.
2009-01-01T00:00:00ZPMS in the magistrates courts of Botswana: the unintended consequences of public service changeMarobela, M.N.Mawere, S.P.http://hdl.handle.net/10311/10832016-08-13T00:18:34Z2011-07-04T00:00:00ZPMS in the magistrates courts of Botswana: the unintended consequences of public service change
Marobela, M.N.; Mawere, S.P.
This paper explores the implementation of public sector performance reforms in Botswana magistrate
courts to improve service delivery. The authors argue that it is imperative for management to consider the possibility of the unintended outcomes in public sector reforms something that is normally ignored when introducing change. Critical realist philosophy has been adopted as a guiding paradigm for this study. The main contention is that the social world exists independently of the researcher. In this study realist philosophy was used together with the case study methodology to give context. In the courts performance management was supposed to help improve service delivery by reducing court
congestion, legal costs, and delays. However, the findings suggest that this has not been the case
because of gaming and manipulation of performance measures. A principal constraint in writing this paper was the absence of relevant literature in Botswana. Data was sourced from one organisation
used as a case study. Problems like the backlogs of cases and delays affect both the fairness and
efficiency of the judicial system. Efficiency has to take account of other factors. Developing
performance management systems that incorporate measurement and evaluation in the public sector
continues to be a key challenge. Both the positive and negative effects of PMS must be embraced.
2011-07-04T00:00:00Z