http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1245 2026-07-11T07:47:26Z http://hdl.handle.net/10311/2537 Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in HIV-infected patients: report of 2 cases Mwita, Julius Chacha; Baliki, Kgomotso; Tema, Ludo Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular disease; however Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is rarely associated with HIV-related cerebrovascular events. We describe two cases of HIV-positive patients who, at the same time, presented to our hospital with deep cerebral venous thrombosis and stroke. 2013-09-04T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10311/2535 Building health system capacity through medical education: a targeted needs assessment to guide development of a structured internal medicine curriculum for medical interns in Botswana Peluso, Michael J.; Tapela, Neo; Langeveldt, John; Williams, Margaret E.; Mochankana, Kagiso; Motseosi, Kebonye; Ricci, Brian; Rodman, Adam; Haverkamp, Cecil; Haverkamp, Miriam; Maoto, Rosa; Luckett, Rebecca; Prozesky, Detlef; Nkomazana, Oathokwa; Barak, Tomer Background: Medical internship is the final year of training before independent practice for most doctors in Botswana. Internship training in Botswana faces challenges including variability in participants’ level of knowledge and skill related to their completion of medical school in a variety of settings (both foreign and domestic), lack of planned curricular content, and limited time for structured educational activities. Data on trainees’ opinions regarding the content and delivery of graduate medical education in settings like Botswana are limited, which makes it difficult to revise programs in a learner-centered way. Objective: To understand the perceptions and experiences of a group of medical interns in Botswana, in order to inform a large curriculum initiative. Methods: We conducted a targeted needs assessment using structured interviews at one district hospital. The interview script included demographic, quantitative, and free- response questions. Fourteen interns were asked their opinions about the content and format of structured educational activities, and provided feedback on the preferred characteristics of a new curriculum. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Findings: In the current curriculum, training workshops were the highest-scored teaching format, although most interns preferred lectures overall. Specialists were rated as the most useful teachers, and other interns and medical officers were rated as average. Interns felt they had adequate exposure to content such as HIV and tuberculosis, but inadequate exposure to areas including medical emergencies, non-communicable diseases, pain management, procedural skills, X-ray and EKG interpretation, disclosing medical information, and identifying career goals. For the new curriculum, interns preferred a structured case discussion format, and a focus on clinical reasoning and procedural skills. Conclusions: This needs assessment identified several foci for development, including a shift toward interactive sessions focused on skill development, the need to empower interns and medical officers to improve teaching skills, and the value of shifting curricular content to mirror the epidemiologic transition occurring in Botswana. Interns’ input is being used to initiate a large curriculum intervention that will be piloted and scaled nationally over the next several years. Our results underscore the value of seeking the opinion of trainees, both to aid educators in building programs that serve them and in empowering them to direct their education toward their needs and goals. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10311/2478 The Impact of China’s lockdown policy on the incidence of COVID-19: an interrupted time series analysis Molefi, Mooketsi; Tlhakanelo, John T.; Phologolo, Thabo; Hamda, Shimeles G.; Masupe, Tiny; Tsima, Billy; Setlhare, Vincent; Mashalla, Yohana; Wiebe, Douglas J. Background. Policy changes are often necessary to contain the detrimental impact of epidemics such as those brought about by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the earlier phases of the emergence of COVID-19, China was the first to impose strict restrictions on movement (lockdown) on January 23rd, 2020. A strategy whose effectiveness in curtailing COVID-19 was yet to be determined. We, therefore, sought to study the impact of the lockdown in reducing the incidence of COVID-19. Methods. Daily cases of COVID-19 that occurred in China which were registered between January 12th and March 30th, 2020, were extracted from the Johns Hopkins CSSE team COVID-19 ArcGIS® dashboards. Daily cases reported were used as data points in the series. Two interrupted series models were run: one with an interruption point of 23 January 2020 (model 1) and the other with a 14-day deferred interruption point of 6th February (model 2). For both models, the magnitude of change (before and after) and linear trend analyses were measured, and β-coefficients reported with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the precision. Results. Seventy-eight data points were used in the analysis. There was an 11% versus a 163% increase in daily cases in models 1 and 2, respectively, in the preintervention periods (). Comparing the period immediately following the intervention points to the counterfactual, there was a daily increase of 2,746% () versus a decline of 207% () in model 2. However, in both scenarios, there was a statistically significant drop in the daily cases predicted for this data and beyond when comparing the preintervention periods and postintervention periods (). Conclusion. There was a significant decrease the COVID-19 daily cases reported in China following the institution of a lockdown, and therefore, lockdown may be used to curtail the burden of COVID-19. NB: Some scientific formulas or symbols may not appear as they are on the original document 2021-10-28T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10311/2477 University of Botswana Public Health Medicine Unit contributions to the national COVID-19 response Siamisang, Keatlaretse; Kebadiretse, Dineo; Masupe, Tiny COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. Botswana reported its first case on 30th March 2020 and as of 31st January 2021 had 21,293 cases and 46 deaths. The University of Botswana Public Health Medicine Unit has made significant contributions to the national preparedness and response to COVID-19. The program alumni and Public Health Medicine residents have and continue to provide key technical support to the Ministry of Health and Wellness across the major pillars of COVID-19. This includes key roles in national and subnational coordination and planning, surveillance, case investigations and rapid response teams, points of entry, travel and transportation, infection prevention and control and case management. The unit is thus supporting the country in achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) primary objective of limiting human-to-human transmission, optimal care of the affected and maintaining essential services during the outbreak. The Public Health Medicine Unit has played a key role in capacity building including early rapid COVID-19 training of healthcare workers across the country. Furthermore faculty members and residents are involved in several COVID-19 research projects and collaborations. 2021-05-27T00:00:00Z